It uses a radio frequency (RF) interrogation technique which is based on bidirectional modulation of a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator (MZ-EOM). 1-4 The system is shown schematically in Fig. The FO subsystem is comprised of an imbalanced FO interferometer with an incorporated intensity sensor and fiber optic cables onnecting the. This article explores the different types of Fiber Optic Sensors, their working principles, and various applications. We'll delve into Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Hybrid fiber optic sensors, explaining how they function. A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a. Fiber sensing technology emerged in the 1970s.